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Part 1
Part 2 Part 3
This is chapter 8: The Short-Cut
from the book Hemmati, M. 2002. Multi-stakeholder Processes for
Governance and Sustainability - Beyond Deadlock and Conflict. London: Earthscan
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How shall stakeholders prepare for the process /
meetings? |
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Have you considered the various options within the
coordinating group?
Eg initial position papers; developing a common vision first; preparing
strategy papers based on a common vision; etc.? |
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Have you ensured that preparatory papers are disseminated
well in advance? |
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Have you considered analysing them to point out
commonalities and differences, and disseminate that as well? |
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Have you ensured that all have equitable access to all
information? |
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Does everybody agree with the preparatory process? |
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How will participants relate to the stakeholder groups
they represent (if they are not there in their individual capacity)? |
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Do they have enough time for consultations within their
constituencies during preparations? |
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Are you providing support for such consultations? |
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Are participants informing each other on how they consult
within their constituencies? |
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Communication Ground Rules
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Have you agreed a set of ground rules for communication? |
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Do these rules foster dialogue? |
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Do they encourage people to listen, learn, be open,
honest and considerate? |
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Have you agreed upon a facilitator (or several
facilitators)? |
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Does s/he enjoy the trust of all participants? |
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Will s/he be competent to enhance the creativity of the
group, deal with potential conflict, avoid premature decision-making? |
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Do you know what to do when people don’t play by the
rules? |
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Have you agreed that this will be brought to the group
through the facilitator and in a constructive manner? |
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YES |
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Are there any power gaps within the group? |
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Do you know how you want to deal with them? |
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Has the group talked about power gaps? |
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Have they talked about what constitutes power in this
setting? (eg money; decision-making; moral ground) |
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Have you identified the capacities, skills and knowledge
that are necessary to effectively participate in your process? |
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Do all participants have them? |
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Has the group talked about capacity building? |
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Have potential capacity building measures been designed
by those receiving and those offering them? |
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Communication Channels
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YES |
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Have you considered the various options of communication
channels? (eg face-to-face meetings, email, phone, fax, letters, interactive
web-sites) |
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Has the group talked about this question? |
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Have you decided which ones you want to use at which
stage? |
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Are they easily accessible for all participants? |
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YES |
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Have you decided if you want an outside professional or
an insider? |
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Have you involved the facilitator in the design process? |
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Are your facilitators committed, flexible, responsive,
balancing, inclusive, encouraging, respectful, neutral, problem-solving
oriented, disciplined, culturally sensitive, capable of meta-communication,
and comfortable with their role? |
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Have you decided which kind of facilitation techniques
you want to use? (eg flip-charts, meta-plan, brain storming, scenario
workshops, future labs, etc) |
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Have you talked with the coordinating group and the
facilitator which would be best and when? |
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YES |
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Have you identified rapporteurs to take minutes? |
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Have you identified who is to draft outcome documents? |
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Are they acceptable to everybody? |
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Are minutes & reporting done in a neutral fashion?
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Are they reflecting the breadth and depth of discussions? |
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YES |
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Do you have agreement on what constitutes a good
decision? |
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Shall a decision be based on consensus? |
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Does consensus mean unanimity? |
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Does consensus mean compromise? ('being content with the
whole package') |
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Shall a decision be taken by majority vote? |
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Are you recording minority voting? |
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Do the decisions on your MSP have consequences outside
the space covered by participants? |
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Are you involving those affected? |
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Is it clear that everybody has the right to walk away or
to say ‘no’? |
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Are you taking enough time before making decisions? |
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Could the group be more creative and integrating before
making a decision? (How?) |
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Closure
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Does the process have a clear, agreed cut-off point (for
success or failure)? |
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Outputs
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Are you putting draft minutes and reports to the
group for review? |
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Have you built in time for reviewing into your schedule? |
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Have you clarified the status of your documents: minutes
by rapporteurs; facilitators’ summaries; endorsed consensus documents? (They
require different consultation procedures and time.) |
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Are you disseminating the outcome documents to other
stakeholder groups and the public? |
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YES |
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Have you agreed a precise, concrete action plan: Who will
do what, when, and with whom? |
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Have you considered how to monitor implementation and how
to deal with non-compliance? |
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You planned a dialogue - now they want to continue and
explore possible joint action: Is the group engaging in an MSP design
process, agreeing objectives, scope, structures, time-lines, funding, etc.? |
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Are you managing such a transition carefully? |
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Mechanisms of meta-communication
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YES |
NO |
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Do participants have space to reflect upon the process? |
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Do you have regular feedback mechanisms so that everybody
can raise concerns and suggestions? |
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Is the facilitator bringing this up? |
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Relating to Non-Participating Stakeholders
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YES |
NO |
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Have you kept the process open for input from
non-participating stakeholders? |
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Are you sure the arrangements for that will work? |
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Have you made clear how any input from outside will be
used? |
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In case of opposition to the process from the outside,
are you addressing this in the MSP group as a whole? |
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